Process And Project Systems Construction Essay

cover And reckon Systems conf utilize body part EssayInfluential Govt reports presented by Latham (Latham 1994) and Egan (Egan 1998) which stressed the indispensableness of change in device assiduity, improving up-to-date figures and extremityes covering the lifecycle of the task. Despite different initiatives the industry sboulder clay lags slow and demands of sup protrudet engrossrs remain far from beingness achieved. The verbal expression industry being a exercise based industry (Halpin 1993) Kagioglou et al. (1998) shoot show up that these issues ar colli door right smartway to att arrest, and not product (Goulding and Alshawi 2002). On the said guidelines efforts argon being carried divulge by standardizing the get goinging changees, defining responsibilities not in just construction manakin but from inception to post intent.The report aims to find out advantages and disadvantages of moving towards Generic throw and construction bear on Protocol i n the context of CTG pick up. For the purpose evaluation the current exercisees and grinder suees in CTG are stageped using firstly by RIBA visualise of defecate revised 2007 edition incorporating single stage invent build contract posterior the comparable extremityes are mapped by using touch on Protocol. An effort has been made to turn in 8 principles of bidding Protocol to CTG swan.1.1 access body structure is a swear out based industry (Halpin 1993).1.2 Scope of the GTC ProjectThe brief shows that the subdivision for bank line Innovation and Skills (client) unavoidably a high-technical school office obscure (CTG) to fireside world class super ready reckoners for nuclear mark staff. Selected order for the nominate is in Liverpool, Uk. As per the statistics Total urinateing court 50,000,000, Project sizing 20,000 sqm, built Up Area 10,000,000 sqft The activities that are involve to carried out the check head are Pre- chassis/ proviso Activities, i nnovation Activities, Construction Activities and Operation / maintenance Activities.1.3 Project Objectives of CTGAchieving undermentioned objectives is crucial for the success of CTG project, 1) propose-to achieve balance in preventative, security efficiency, lifecycle costs and proceedinging conditions. 2) Accessibility-To achieve compliance with every stick up requirements. 3) Aesthetics-to generate excitement and enthusiasm in tender staff recruits.4) Cost effectiveness-to achieve cost certainty. 5) Energy- efficiency as electrical cogency used per year is 7,000 KWh. 6) Security-to make sure that the world class facility to construct and riddle super computers is under an extremely secured environment. 7) Sustainability-To achieve environmental goals using recyclable substantives and overcoming concerns in terms of water and business office. 8) Quality to achieve quality in terms of design, function and service provided. 9) Time-to achieve completion of the projec t at bottom two years, the quantify given by the client. Throughout the subprogram represent it has been taken care that these objectives are being achieved. Though through with(predicate) use of abut Protocol it was very easy to see in the go map that these objectives are being satisfied but through mould mapping of CTG through RIBA it was not.1.4 Project and surgical operationes in Construction and in CTGProjectThe project can be defined as a evanescent endeavour undertaken to create aunique product (PMBOK).ProcessThe process has been defined in event of ways and with perspectives, Hammer defines process as a cerebrate group of tasks that together create a result of respect to a guest (Lecture Notes,2010). However (Koskela 2000) argues business processes, penury to be analysed not only as transformations but also as flows and as value generation (Koskela 2000).2. CHAPTER -2 RIBA Plan of use for social occasion a Process in CTG (from contructors point of view) (R IBA 2007 fancy of work stages)2.1 The reason for choosing RIBA Plan of work for MappingRIBA excogitate of work identifies the steps through which any construction project must pass (Hughes 2001), also it describes a logical season of action and describes duties of various parties at according to various stages of the project (Wilkinson and Gupta 2005). RIBA plan of work is widely used cloth by the construction industry in UK and the updated 2007 plan incorporates various procural practices (design build in CTG case) and run a risk counselling (Phillips,2008).2.2 intromission to RIBA plan of workIn an attempt to value the project process RIBA first introduced plan of work in 1963. The plan abets in organizing complete process in a sequence with mandatory overlap where necessary. It takes right from appraisal stage through construction till end use, this process is divided into key work stages, depending upon the procurement mode sequence of work stages may change and may o verlap. RIBA 2007 plan of work stages are as followsPreparationa. grade A Appraisalb. show B chassis BriefDesignc. symbolize C apprehensiond. introduce D Design Developmente. stratum E expert DesignPreconstructionf. gift F Production InformationSub defend F1 Acquiring necessary approvals, preparing details of toil for lovesomeing.Sub Stage F2 g. Stage G Tender Documentationh. Stage H Tender carry throughSub Stage H1 Identification of potential contractors, consultants and suppliers.Sub Stage H2 Evaluating tenders and in allocate contracts to the selected.Constructioni. Stage J Mobilizationj. Stage K Construction to applicative completionUsek. Stage L Post unimaginative completionSub Stage L1 ensuring product delivered according to specification, and carrying out final examination inspections.Sub Stage L2 Review general project performance, and the feedback provided by the end user.RIBA plan of work of single stage tender for Design and fortify con tract.Fig RIBA Plan of sue for Design and Build contract, Single Stage Tender, (www.architcture.com)2.3 Mapping the Process in CTG, using RIBA plan of work (from the Constructors point of view)Stage A Appraisal / Inception for CTGDepartment for technology and skills (owner) prescribed a cross functional team ups to identify the clients needs and objectives, and possible constraints. agreement the clients nature of business setting the requirements safety, security, efficiency, lifecycle cost, working conditions, aesthetics, and future expansion needs (technological physical) Activities or Tasks severalise procurement type (Single stage Design Build contract)Stage B Feasibility of CTGCross functional team and clients representatives piddle a project outline as per the clients requirement to meet the project objectives. Carrying out feasibility studies of the project from technical, functional and financial point of view. Activities or Tasks As per project requirements study rules regulation, site conditions, neighbourhood surveys, market research, planning, costing, mesh specialist consultant/s (computer expert)Stage C Concept / compend Proposal of CTG Parties problematic Design team, QS, engineers, specialist. drive of stage Clarify clients ideas, signaling or advising him better alternatives, giving client idea about the future developments in the project. Activities or TasksStage D Design and Planning for the CTG Parties touch Design team and specialist contractor for check buildability of design, QS, IT consultant. enjoyment of stage Activities or TasksStage G Tender Documentation and Bill of Quantities Parties complex Design team, QS, and client representative. Purpose of stageStage E Detail Design for CTG Parties involved Specialist design firm, QS, specialist contractor and client representative. Purpose of stageStage H Tender Action for CTG Parties involved a cross functional team, engineers, QS, design team, contractors, client r epresentatives. Purpose of stage Identify contractors to carry out the project. Activities or Tasks Holding pretender briefing for future contractors on the project for putting forward expectation of client and clearing doubts of them. H1 Evaluation and identification of contractors to carry out CTG project. H2 contractors giving feedback / suggestions on tender or project to the client.Stage F Production Information Parties involved Architect, QS, specialist contractor, and engineers. Purpose of stage Getting ready for onsite turnout and live gateway to make major changes in design. Activities or Tasks finalizing the design and related specifications, obtaining the required permissions, detail costing and scheduling.Stage J Mobilization for CTG Parties involved Main contractor, sub contractors. Purpose of stage gathering required resources to start the work on site. Activities or Tasks Site preparation (clearing, fencing, establishing water/electricity, site office, residenti al facility for workers, health and safety unit). Preparing site conditions to commence the construction.Stage K Construction to Practical Completion of CTG Parties involved Main contractor, sub contractors, architect, QS, engineers, client representatives. Purpose of stage Execute on site operations as per planned. Activities or Tasks carrying out construction plant life till practical completion of CTG building.Stage L Post Practical Completion Parties involved Client representatives, contractor, sub contractor, QS, architect, engineers. Purpose of stage Handing over of CTG facility terminate all obligations. Activities or Tasks clearing the site of any left behind materials, rectifying any defects, rechecking the facilities provided, and settling the accounts with client and sub contractor/suppliers,Stage M Feedback from CTG Parties involved Client representatives, employees working in CTG, sub contractors, supply chain. Purpose of stage analyse the throughout project perf ormance and learn from it (making of schooling organization) Activities or Tasks preparing reports evaluating delivered performances against planned. Checking whether project meets its objectives and client requirements.3. Chapter 3 The Process Protocol3.1 Introduction to Process ProtocolIn an attemptProcess Protocol is process-driven exemplification of the design and construction process, which is primarily based on best practice manufacturing new product development (NPD) (Kagioglou, make et al. 1999).Process Protocol consists of following ten patterns covering life cycle of the projecta. Pre Project Stage This stage relates to understanding the client and business needs. It also emphasises on issues much(prenominal) as need for This stage consist of following forms 1) variant 0- Demonstrating the need 2) Phase 1- Conception of need 3) Phase 2- Outline feasibility 4) Phase 3- Substantive feasibility study and outline financial authority.b. Pre Construction Stage This sta ge consist of following phases 1) Phase 4- Outline conceptual design 2) Phase 5- Full conceptual design 3) Phase 6- Production design, procurement and full financial authorityc. Construction Stage This stage preponderantly focuses on two phases 1) Phase 7- Production information 2) Phase 8- Constructiond. Post Construction Stage Phase 9- Operation and maintenance3.2. Mapping the Process in CTG using Process ProtocolThe computer support software Microsoft Visio is used to draw Process Protocol maps, which is used to map the processes in CTG. The map includes activities carried out by cross functional team appointed by CTG which has carried out preliminary project work (phase0-5) and promote (phase 6-9) activities undertaken by G C Ltd (appendix ). Hence phases (6-9) have been considered for mapping the sub processes. (appendix )3.3 Application of Eight Key Principles of Process Protocol in CTG solely Project View CTG to house high tech computers for nuclear design staff, hence is sues such as balance safety, security, working conditions along with lifecycle cost, sustainability, and need for flexibility to address advancement in technology need to be considered throughout the four stages of project to accomplish desired outcomes of the CTGProgressive Design Fixity The phase review involves discussions, meetings, brainstorming sessions to review about utter(a) work, this stage could contribute importantly in progressively fixing or finding design solutions also help in predicting the construction full interference and upcoming issues.A Consistent Process Process communications protocol provides a standard salute to performance measurement, evaluation, and control will facilitate the process of continual cleansement in design and construction which may gain the future projects of CTG undertaken by G C Ltd.Stakeholder Involvement / Teamwork As the value is determined by the customer, involvement of CTG representatives, employees who would be using the CTG should be involved in the design process along with other stakeholders such as municipal council, planning authority, defence committee, environmental dept, local community, fire and safety dept, outside(a) community need to be involved to have timely communication, foster team working, and building trust. Such involvement would reduce design alteration, rework failure to do so could lead to considerable cypher escalation.Co-ordination Addressing the fragmentation issue raised by Latham (1994), effective coordination between G C Ltd, sub contractor, suppliers, other specialist is important for improving overall productivity in CTG. Activity geographical zones in PP help in achieving it through process manager represents the responsibility of each and every activity so it is easy to co-ordinate people for each particular activity.Feedback process protocol helps in getting feedbacks in two ways 1) Phase review It records and update the project experiences throughout the proc ess and inform next/later phases whether to increase or decrease resources next phase of CTG 2) Legacy catalogue it records, documents the experiences throughout the process which aid in continual improvement in future projects of CTG and G C Ltd.Process flexibility Customizable process It enables to grow in flexibility according to the objectives of CTG, issues such as security, sustainability could be added magic spell some irrelevant processes could be deleted.3.4 Activity Zones in CTG activity zones are multifunctional representing structured set of tasks and processes which support and guide works towards common objective. At the same time earlier identification and involvement of concerned parties throughout the lifecycle process of CTG contributes significantly to success (Kagioglou, Cooper et al. 1998)Development Management is liable for creating and maintaining business focus among CTG representatives, contractors, financers, other stakeholders, and GC Ltd. (Cooper, A ouad et al. 2005)Project Management is an cistron of the development management activity zone and is responsible for effective writ of execution of CTG project. This activity zone involves project management professionals of GC Ltd, and client representatives. resourcefulness ManagementIncludes planning, co-ordination, procurement and monitoring of all financial, human and material resources in CTG. It involves (Development Management establishes the overall budget)Design Management is responsible for design process and business case of CTG and its project brief into an appropriate product definition. Involving GC Ltd, suppliers of materials/components, sub contractors, cross functional design team, representatives from production, facility, development, project management and health and safety, statutory and legal management activity zones.Production Management The activities all that are related to the execution of the building on the site, this activity zone effectively communi cates with the other zones during this execution period (Cooper, Aouad et al. 2005).Facility management Issues concerning the facilities eg. servers, computer systems during the project are dealt in this activity zone.Health and safety, Statutory and effective Management is responsible for the identification, consideration, and management of all regulatory, statutory and environmental aspects of CTG project.Process Management develops and operationalises process protocol. It is responsible for planning and monitoring each phase in CTG.Change Management is responsible for effectively communicating changes to all relevant activity zones for development and legacy archive in CTG.3.4.1 Introduction of Sustainability Management in Activity ZonesThe built environment contribute significantly to the climate change and health of environment through the materials used, decisions about site, electricity and water usage, and landscape surroundings (Younger, Morrow-Almeida et al. 2008) they go on further to suggest the built environment components may mitigate climate change, promote adaptation, and improve public health. SMAZ was developed first in the form of a dining table (Khalfan et. al., 2003) and then further refined into an activity zone within the Process Protocol, implementing it in the same format (Shelbourn, Bouchlaghem et al. 2006). Sustainability being one of the main objectives in CTG introduction of SMAZ could help in achieving it.3.5 Deliverables in CTG4. Chapter 4 (Potential advantages and disadvantages of moving towards Process Protocol)4.1.1 Critical Appraisal of Current methods of working RIBA plan of work and Process ProtocolThe RIBA plan of work is looked as design and management framework considering architect in the lead role (Osmani, Glass et al. 2008). It perceives construction process from design team/s point of view hence it restricts from being generic wine enough for application of complex and large construction works such as CTG. Shortc omings of the plan in terms of activity zones, phase reviews, legal archive etc. were noticed while mapping the process for CTG. While Process Protocol presents a generic implementation guidelines.(Kagioglou, Cooper et al. 1998) it can be applied in a flexible way of life across construction projects, teams and client needs with improvements being clearly measured(Tzortzopoulos, sexton et al. 2005).RIBA plan of work represents a logical sequence of events and his linear sort of management could not accommodate the concurrent working practice in construction projects (Learning package 3).4.3 Advantages of moving towards Process Protocola. Stakeholders Involvement In a large and complex project such as CTG involving number of professionals from different disciplines (architect, engineers, contractors, QS ) makes it essential to know whom they are and would be working with in the later stages of the project, this builds team work, trust, brings in transparency consequently lessen chances of stalemates and judicial proceedings. in any case extending it to the employees of CTG which would be ultimately can contribute significantly to the success of project.b. consentient Process view and Progressive Design Fixity via Stage gate ApproachProcess Protocol and RIBA suggest to look at the project from pre project, pre -construction, construction and post completion phases deviating from traditional methods where pre project and post completion phases received negligible attention. Design fixity via stage gate approach enables continuous planning and review procedures throughout the project (Cooper, Aouad et al. 2005)c. Phase Reviews Reviewing the sidetrack after each phase before getting on with the incidental phase helps in gathering feedback which is useful for making future decisions or to make appropriate resources available. They provide a good learning experience. RIBA plan of work lacks this characteristic of process protocol.d. Legacy Archive This is a nother receive of Process protocol lacking in RIBA. Throughout the project bulky amount of information is generated, legacy archive helps in storing and making it available when required. As (Aouad, Hinks et al. 1998) state the legacy archive ensures that best practice is captured and re-used which would benefit during the project and post project to G C Ltd.Disadvantages of moving towards Process ProtocolThere are very few disadvantages of mapping the process through process protocol which are 1) The use of PP proves too complex and unnecessary for small construction project (single house) where mapping of such astuteness is not required, not some parties are involved. 2) The awareness of such software at this stage in market is very low, not many companies in practice use or know how to use it, which put limitations if its use. 3) Like RIBA revised plan PP lacks special provision for various undertake methods, tendering process. 4) Too much detailing involved in each phase w here not so important activity may get undue weight age which can be misleading.5. Chapter 5 (Key production activities in CTG, identifying value adding and non value adding activities)5.1 IntroductionIn recent years production is viewed from transformation view and flow view these two major aspects, which many argue should be synthesized into a new theoretical view on construction (Koskela 1999). The production in CTG can be analyzed as waste and valueKey Production Activities in CTGa. Effective PlanningMaking optimum use of the available resources. 2) Required specialist and material / products (pre fabricated components) are made available at right time. 3) safekeeping enough buffer periods between activities. 4) Managing overlaps using the principles of concurrent engineering. 5) Use of environmentally friendly materials, techniques are used which would benefit the environment and building in long run. 6) Review physical, financial progress, monitoring and irresponsible it. 7 ) Breakdown the work packages for managing the project.b. Cost Controlling during constructionForecast the budget for executing the CTG project. 2) imagine costs for key as well as small work packages. 3) Regular audits to check expenditure committed and needed to complete the works.c. organise and Communicating1)5.2 Value adding activities in CTGValue is generated through a process of negotiation between customer ends and means (Ballard and Howell 1998). One of the ways in which value can be added is by increasing the function and at the same time keeping cost same (Egbu, 2009).G C have undertaken the value management from winning the contract through the lifecycle of the project.Capturing requirements in clearly defining objectives. 2) Checking track record using competitive tenders in selecting sub contractors and suppliers. 3) Clear allocation of responsibilities and risks to avoid any confusion and litigation in the future. 4) Planning effectively and efficiently so at no po int work is halted due to any reason. 5) Keeping contingency plan for works and cost eg. 6) Using JIT for very expensive high tech computers and servers to avoid double handling and damage. 7) green architecture concepts to reduce energy consumption in building (appendix) 8) Use of photovoltaic cells, Blooms Energy master of ceremonies (appendix) to reduce dependence on external supply of electricity. 9) Methods such as rainwater harvesting to be used, treated water (from water treatment plants) to be used to cool down servers, gardening. 9) Excavated soil to be used to create landscape which will provide zero waste. 10) suspended ceilings to be used to accommodate heavy electrical wiring. 11) CTG hold 40 bit workshop for its employees on value management.5.3 Wasteful activities in CTGWaste is anything that creates no value for the owner/end-user (CTG), it is somethingdesigners, constructors and clients want to eliminate because it creates no value for thecustomer and yet it is a cost to them (Mossman, 2009). Despite the best efforts and utmost precautions taken by G C there are likely to be some wastes or factors leading to it.1) Waste of time due to miscommunication. 2) Non working days such as national holidays ( eg. 3rd May), union strikes 3) ill-timed events such as rain, storm could stop the work. 4) Incorrect offsite manufacturing order which mismatches onsite component. 5) wasted of material lying on site consumes space, resources, chances of damage/theft 6) anomalous drawings for production could cost huge financially, rework and then manufacturing could cause time delays.5.4 Efficiency of Identified Production Activity5.5 Tools and Principles Used for Value Adding and reducing Wasteful ActivitiesMaterial Requirement PlanningIn a complex project as CTG, involving number work packages requires huge quantity and various types of materials and products at necessary stages of construction. It avoids excessive (unnecessary) stack of inventory by cont rolling the flow of inventory it optimizes the utilization of labour and machines used in the project (Waller 2003).Last Planner hunt productionPrinciples of lean production such as just in time which focuses on eliminating waste and producing or making available just when needed. Eliminating waste would help in cause up the overall quality of CTG and procuring just on time would help in reducing excess inventory save space in city surroundings of Liverpool. =7AIBx6. Chapter 6 (Conclusion and Recommendation)http//www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleListURL_method=list_ArticleListID=1262271380view=c_acct=C000047642_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=8579047md5=b83cadfeeccb8117982b84fa9b7980a5Aouad, G., J. Hinks, et al. (1998). An IT map for a generic design and construction process protocol. Journal of Construction Procurement 4(1) 132-151.Ballard, G. and G. Howell (1998). 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Lean Construction Journal, 13-23.www.processprotocol.comwww.architecture.comhttp//www.ribapublishing.com/publications/practicemanagement/planworkmulti.aspQuery and Assumption SheetQueryAssumption role of a ContractStage of the ProjectDesign and Build (Single Stage)Pre Construction stage including detail DesignAppendix Process Mapping in CTG using RIBA Plan of WorkAppendix Process Mapping in CTG using Process ProtocolBlooms Energy Server (appendix). its a new invention that generate electricity Built with patented solid oxide render cell technology, Blooms Energy Server is a new class of distributed power generator, producing clean, reliable, affordable electricity at the site